Risk and return

Your attitude to risk will play a major part in how you approach financial planning during your lifetime.

In general, the more risk you take the higher the potential returns. Also, the longer you are looking to invest, the higher your risk tolerance could be, as investments are more likely to smooth out over the long term.

However, there are different levels of risk. For example, buying shares in a large multinational company like Apple and buying shares in a start-up company are both investments, which have some element of risk. But it may be considered safer to invest with Apple as they are large and more financially stable, although potential returns may not be as high. Of course, there is always a risk that even the largest companies can fail and you can lose some or all the money you invest with them.

Being aware of your risk appetite is especially important when planning your long term financial future. The aim is to put together a savings and investment strategy that matches your financial goals but doesn’t leave you worried about the level of risk.

The risk ladder gives you some indication of where on the risk line various savings and investments fall and what risks you could be exposed to.

  • Equities – Investing in stocks and shares either individually or through a portfolio.

    Market Volatility – Investments will go up and down during the time you’re holding them. How would you react if your money lost 20% in value?

    Timing – You could buy at the wrong time as investments have hit their peak

    Company specific risk – If a large percentage of your investment is in one company, you’re relying on them to succeed for your investment to succeed.

  • Property – A property purchased with the intention of making a return on your investment.

    Liquidity – How quickly could you get access to the money from your investment if you needed to?

    Void periods – Could you cope financially if a property was empty?

    Taxation – Profit from property investments may be subject to income tax.

    Negative equity – How would you manage if the property value dropped below the outstanding mortgage?

  • Bonds – A loan made to the government or a company in return for a fixed interest over a fixed period of time. How risky these are depend on who the bond is with.

    Default – Although bonds are considered relatively safe, there is a risk that they could default and you could lose your investment.

    Credit – There is a risk that the corporation that you have a bond with could default on its debt obligations.

    Inflation – Is the savings rate enough to outperform inflation?

  • Cash – physical cash or money held in an account with a regulated financial institution.

    Inflation – Is the savings rate enough to outperform inflation?

    Currency exposure – Holding investments in cash means you’re exposed to the rises and falls of that currency.

    Interest rates – Holding cash means that you are at risk of low interest rates and in turn, low growth

  • Tax-Efficient Savings

    Costs can have an impact on the return of savings and investments. One cost which you can influence is the amount of tax you pay on any gains earned by holding your investments in a tax-efficient way. ISAs and Lifetime ISAs are types of savings vehicles that can save on the amount of tax you pay.

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